Gauss’ quadratic reciprocity theorem and mathematical fruitfulness

This paper presents an account of the fruitfulness of new mathematical calculi in terms of their relationship to existing mathematical methods which is suggested by Carl Friedrich Gauss. This is done by considering some remarks that Gauss made explaining the fruitfulness of new calculi. These can be clarified in the context of his own (very fruitful) theory of congruences, which is considered as a case study for this alternative account. Such an account has the benefit of not being dependent on a particular metaphysical view in the philosophy of mathematics.