The early statistical interpretations of quantum mechanics in the USA and USSR

This article is devoted to the statistical (ensemble) interpretations of quantum mechanics which appeared in the USA and USSR before War II and in the early war years. The author emphasizes a remarkable similarity between the statements which arose in different scientific, philosophical, and even political contexts. The comparative analysis extends to the scientific and philosophical traditions which lay behind the American and Soviet statistical interpretations of quantum mechanics.The author insists that the philosophy of quantum mechanics is an autonomous branch rather than an applied philosophy or philosophical physics.