Nutrients and bioactive compounds of Thai indigenous fruits

This study determined the nutritional potential of Thai indigenous fruits in terms of nutrients, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities. Three indigenous fruits were collected at two conservation areas in Kanchanaburi province, Thailand. The results showed that Phyllanthus emblica L. exhibited the highest levels of vitamin C (575 ± 452 mg/100 g), total phenolics (TP) (3703 ± 1244 mGAE/100 g), and antioxidant activities, as measured by DPPH, FRAP and ORAC assays. Compared to the other two fruits, Antidesma velutinosum Blume contained higher levels of most nutrients and dietary fibre (15.6 ± 5.9 g/100 g), as well as carotenoids (335 ± 98 μg/100 g) and phytosterols (22.1 ± 3.9 mg/100 g). Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz was high in total phenolics (3178 ± 887 mGAE/100 g) and antioxidant activity. Moreover, high correlations were found between TP and antioxidant activities (r > 0.9). These Thai indigenous fruits are potentially good sources of nutrients, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities. Conservation and utilisation should be promoted for food security and consumption as part of a healthy diet.

► The first report on nutrient compositions of Antidesma velutinosum Blume fruit. ► Antidesma fruit contained moderate to high level of most nutrients, dietary fibre, carotenoids and phytosterols. ► Phyllanthus emblica L. showed the highest level of vitamin C, total phenolics and antioxidant activities. ► Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz also exhibited antioxidant activity in relation to its total phenolic content. ► There are high correlation between total phenolics and antioxidant activities.