Effect of pasteurisation on ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, tocopherols and fatty acids in pooled mature human milk

Ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids (vitamin C), tocopherols (vitamin E) and unsaturated fatty acids are heat-sensitive and therefore, their concentrations in human milk could be affected by pasteurisation. Here we determined the concentrations of ascorbic acid plus dehydroascorbic acid, ascorbic acid alone, and α- and γ-tocopherols, and the percentages of fatty acids in samples of human milk after pasteurisation by a slow (62.5 °C, 30 min) or fast heating (100 °C, 5 min) procedure. Both methods led to a significant decrease in the concentrations of ascorbic acid plus dehydroascorbic acid (12% and 29%), ascorbic acid (26% and 41%), α-tocopherol (17% and 34%) and γ-tocopherol (13% and 32%), respectively. However, milk fatty acids, including the polyunsaturated long-chain fatty acids, were unaffected by the two methods. On the basis of these observations, we recommend that human milk be treated using a slow pasteurisation. In addition, we propose ascorbic acid as a marker of the degree of heat treatment.