Determination of aflatoxins in hazelnuts by various sample preparation methods and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

A sensitive and reliable liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometric with electrospray ionization method for determining aflatoxins in hazelnuts has been developed. Three different extraction techniques, such as homogenization, ultrasonic extraction, and matrix solid phase dispersion have been tested and compared in terms of recovery, matrix effect, accuracy and precision. Ultrasound extraction was the most performing sample preparation method. Absolute recoveries for analytes and I.S. ranged from 93 to 101%. Accuracy and precision were calculated using matrix matched calibration, and ranged 91–102% and 2–11%, respectively. CCα and CCβ for aflatoxin B1 (EU limit = 2 μg/kg) were 2.15 and 2.33 μg/kg, respectively. A ruggedness test performed on three other matrices demonstrated that sonication time was critical and a matrix matched calibration must be constructed for every sort of matrix.