Synthesis of cationic β-cyclodextrin derivatives and their applications as chiral stationary phases for high-performance liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography

Four cationic β-cyclodextrin derivatives, namely mono-6-(3-methylimidazolium)-6-deoxy-perphenylcarbamoyl-β-cyclodextrin chloride (MPCCD), mono-6-(3-methylimidazolium)-6-deoxyper(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)-β-cyclodextrin chloride (MDPCCD), mono-6-(3-octylimidazolium)-6-deoxyperphenylcarbamoyl-β-cyclodextrin chloride (OPCCD) and mono-6-(3-octylimidazolium)-6-deoxyper(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl)-β-cyclodextrin chloride (ODPCCD), have been synthesized and physically coated onto porous spherical silica gel to obtain novel chiral stationary phases (CSPs). The performances of these CSPs are studied on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) using 18 racemic aryl alcohols as test analytes. Among these four CSPs, OPCCD shows the best separation results for all analytes on both HPLC and SFC analyses. Chromatographic studies reveal that the CSPs consisting of an n-octyl group on the imidazolium moiety and phenylcarbamoyl groups on the cyclodextrin ring provide enhancement of analyte–chiral substrate interactions over CSPs bearing the methyl group on the imidazolium moiety and 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamoyl groups on the cyclodextrin ring.