Analysis of amantadine in biological fluids using hollow fiber-based liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction followed by corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry

A method based on liquid–liquid–liquid microextraction combined with corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry was developed for the analysis of amantadine in human urine and plasma samples. Amantadine was extracted from alkaline aqueous sample as donor phase through a thin phase of organic solvent (n-dodecane) filling the pores of the hollow fiber wall and then back extracted into the organic acceptor phase (methanol) located in the lumen of the hollow fiber. All variables affecting the extraction of analyte including acceptor organic solvent type, concentration of NaOH in donor phase, ionic strength of the sample and extraction time were studied. The linear range was 20–1000 and 5–250 ng/mL for plasma and urine, respectively (r2 ≥ 0.990). The limits of detection were calculated to be 7.2 and 1.6 ng/mL for plasma and urine, respectively. The relative standard deviation was lower than 8.2% for both urine and plasma samples. The enrichment factors were between 45 and 54. The method was successfully applied for the analysis of amantadine in urine and plasma samples.

► A method based on liquid-phase microextraction and ion mobility spectroscopy is reported. ► Amantadine was determined in human urine and plasma by the method. ► The method shows relatively low detection limit, good precision, high recovery and efficient sample clean-up. ► Compared with other method, the present method consumes less sample and organic solvent and does not need sample pretreatment steps.