Analysis of Panax notoginseng metabolites in rat bile by liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry with microdialysis sampling

A dynamic microdialysis sampling method with liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF-MS) was developed for rapid and sensitive analysis of the metabolite profile of Panax notoginseng extract (PNE) in rat bile. In vivo studies in male Sprague-Dawley rats were performed with microdialysis probes implanted into the bile duct before bile samples were collected from 0 to 12 h. Metabolites of PNE were identified using dynamic adjustment of the fragmentor voltage to produce structure-relevant fragment ions. The mass accuracy of precursor and fragment ions was typically within 5 ppm of the theoretical values. We identified 7 compounds: 4 parent compounds (notoginsenoside R1, ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, and Rd) and 3 metabolites (ginsenosides Rg2, Rh2, and compound K). Data from this study suggest that this microdialysis technique could be used in notoginseng saponin metabolic animal studies.

► Analysis of hepatic bile excretion is important to understanding drug metabolism. ► Technical difficulties limited notoginseng compound analysis in rat bile. ► A bile duct microdialysis with Q-TOF-MS was developed to obtain its metabolic profile. ► Four parent compounds and 3 metabolites were identified via real-time monitoring. ► One identified active metabolite, compound K, has significant biological activity.