Quantitative and qualitative determination of six xanthones in Garcinia mangostana L. by LC–PDA and LC–ESI-MS

A new method was developed for the simultaneous analysis of six naturally occurring xanthones (3-isomangostin, 8-desoxygartanin, gartanin, α-mangostin, 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone and β-mangostin). The quantitative determination was conducted by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (LC–PDA). Separation was performed on a Phenomenex Luna C18(2) (150 mm × 3.00 mm, 5 μm) column. The xanthones were identified by retention time, ultraviolet (UV) spectra and quantified by LC–PDA at 320 nm. The precision of the method was confirmed by the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.), which was ≤4.6%. The recovery was in the range from 96.58% to 113.45%. A good linear relationship was established in over two orders of magnitude range. The limits of detection (LOD) for six xanthone compounds were ≤0.248 μg/mL. The identity of the peaks was further confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC–TOF MS) system coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) interface. The developed methods were applied to the determination of six xanthones in Garcinia mangostana products. The satisfactory results showed that the methods are effective for the analysis of real samples.