The synthesis, characterization and theoretical study on nicotinic acid [1-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazide

•The title compound was solved by means of X-ray diffraction, FT-IR and NMR.•HOMO–LUMO analysis, charge distributions and the total electron density were investigated.•The NLO and NBO analysis were carried out.•This paper presents a combined experimental and theoretical investigation.

In this study, we reported a combined experimental and theoretical study on nicotinic acid [1-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazide (C13H11N3O3) molecule. The title compound was prepared and characterized by 1H and 13C FT-NMR, FT-IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 6.2681(3) Å, b = 16.5309(7) Å, c = 12.4197(6) Å, α = 90°, β = 111.603(4)°, γ = 90° and Z = 4. In addition, the molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies, gauge including atomic orbital (GIAO), continuous set of gauge transformations (CSGT), individual gauges for atoms in molecules (IGAIM) 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift values, natural bond orbital (NBO), nonlinear optical (NLO) and HOMO–LUMO analyses, molecular electrostatic potentials (MEPs) and thermodynamic properties of the title compound in the ground state were investigated by using Hartree–Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) methods with 6-311++G(d,p). Besides, the hardness and electronegativity parameters were obtained from HOMO and LUMO energies. Obtained results indicate that there is a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical data.

Graphical abstractThe contour map of electrostatic potential (ESP) surfaces for nicotinic acid [1-(2,3-dihydroxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazide (obtained from B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level).Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide