| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1231051 | Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy | 2016 | 7 Pages |
•Binding between BSA and o-NBA was investigated by spectroscopy and theoretical methods.•The binding is relatively weak and entropically driven, possibly related to desolvation effects.•Trp-212-containing site is the main binding site and hydrogen bonding is the main binding force.•Protein-photo-acid interaction indicates that o-NBA can be used in fast induced conformational change studies in BSA.
Serum albumins present reversible pH dependent conformational transitions. A sudden laser induced pH-jump is a methodology that can provide new insights on localized protein (un)folding processes that occur within the nanosecond to microsecond time scale. To generate the fast pH jump needed to fast-trigger a protein conformational event, a photo-triggered acid generator as o-nitrobenzaldehyde (o-NBA) can be conveniently used. In order to detect potential specific or nonspecific interactions between o-NBA and BSA, we have performed ligand-binding studies using fluorescence spectroscopy, saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR, molecular docking and semi-empirical calculations. Fluorescence quenching indicates the formation of a non-fluorescent complex in the ground-state between the fluorophore and the quencher, but o-NBA does not bind much effectively to the protein (Ka ~ 4.34 × 103 M− 1) and thus can be considered a relatively weak binder. The corresponding thermodynamic parameters: ΔG°, ΔS° and ΔH° showed that the binding process is spontaneous and entropy driven. Results of 1H STD-NMR confirm that the photo-acid and BSA interact, and the relative intensities of the signals in the STD spectra show that all o-NBA protons are equally involved in the binding process, which should correspond to a nonspecific interaction. Molecular docking and semi-empirical calculations suggest that the o-NBA binds preferentially to the Trp-212-containing site of BSA (FA7), interacting via hydrogen bonds with Arg-217 and Tyr-149 residues.
Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide
