Ab initio tools for the accurate prediction of the visible spectra of anthraquinones

The UV/vis absorption spectra of 101 anthraquinones solvated in two protic solvents (methanol and ethanol) has been theoretically predicted using the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) for the excited state calculations and the polarizable continuum model (PCM) for evaluating bulk solvent effects. Two functionals (B3LYP and PBE0) have been used and they provide similar mean absolute deviations (∼0.09 eV) but mean signed errors presenting opposite signs. The errors can be minimized by using simple or multiple linear regression, the latter combining the results of both functionals to reach an optimal estimation of the λmax (mean absolute error 0.06 eV). Specific fittings for the two media have been performed and it turned out that our approach is even more efficient for anthraquinones solvated in ethanol.