Raman spectroscopy based identification of flame retardants in consumer products using an acquired reference spectral library

•Acquisition of Raman spectral library of commonly used flame retardants.•Non-invasive identification of chemical composition with minimal sample preparation.•Simultaneous identification of FR additives and polymer matrices associated with consumer products.•A new analytical approach for the identification and source attribution of flame retardants.

Flame retardants (FRs), a class of commonly used chemical additives in consumer products such as polyurethane foams, are well known for their persistence in the environment, bioaccumulation and potential toxicity [1]. In order to address the potential health concerns and environmental impacts associated with the wide-spread use these chemicals, it is essential to identify them efficiently in the environment and consumer products. Raman spectroscopy (RS) offers an attractive option for the non-invasive, in-situ identification of flame retardants in a variety of sample formats [2], [3] and [4]. RS based chemical identification relies on the availability of spectral libraries for identification through spectral matching with reference chemicals. Here we present the application of Raman spectroscopy for identifying FR additives in select consumer products using an acquired spectral library of commonly used FRs. The RS based method described here enables simultaneous identification of multiple components within a sample, which can offer important insights into the sources of FR contamination, in addition to identification of the FR component itself. The availability of Raman spectral library of commercially used FRs, such as the one presented here, will facilitate the identification of these chemicals in consumer products.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide