Silica and silica–titania sol–gel materials: Synthesis and analytical application

This review describes last decade progress in the synthesis of sol–gel materials with analytically relevant properties and their application for the determination of metal ions, non-metal and organic compounds. The following types of materials are discussed: silica sol–gel materials doped with various analytical reagents, organofunctional silica sol–gel materials, and silica titania sol–gel materials. The variety of obtained materials allows their application for a wide range of analytical systems: electrochemical sensors, solid phase spectrophotometrical and SIA determination, and also for test determination including the employment of “length-of-stain” indicator tubes. This review surveys the results of studies on mentioned above subjects and summarizes the works accomplished in the field by author's team in Moscow State University.

► Modified silica and silica–titania materials synthesis is described. ► The analytical application of silica and silica–titania sol–gel materials is covered. ► Electrochemical and optical sensors based on these materials are presented. ► Sol–gel based solid phase spectrophotometrical and test determination is reviewed. ► The possibilities of environmental, food, and sanitary analysis are discussed.