Separation/preconcentration and determination of vanadium with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

A novel dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) for separation/preconcentration of ultra trace amount of vanadium and its determination with the electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) was developed. The DLLME-SFO behavior of vanadium (V) using N-benzoyl-N-phenylhydroxylamine (BPHA) as complexing agent was systematically investigated. The factors influencing the complex formation and extraction by DLLME-SFO method were optimized. Under the optimized conditions: 100 μL, 200 μL and 25 mL of extraction solvent (1-undecanol), disperser solvent (acetone) and sample volume, respectively, an enrichment factor of 184, a detection limit (based on 3Sb/m) of 7 ng L−1 and a relative standard deviation of 4.6% (at 500 ng L−1) were obtained. The calibration graph using the preconcentration system for vanadium was linear from 20 to 1000 ng L−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996. The method was successfully applied for the determination of vanadium in water and parsley.