An overview of emerging hyphenated SEM-EDX and Raman spectroscopy systems: Applications in life, environmental and materials sciences

•Hyphenated SEM-Raman spectroscopy systems are key to typify challenging materials.•Full chemical, molecular and ultra-structural characterization from the same specimen.•Analytical strategy must be optimized for each sample and hyphenated system.•Benefits and limitations of applying SEM-Raman analyses to diverse scientific fields.

This review covers the potentials and limitations of novel hyphenated SEM-EDX/Raman spectrometer systems (different set-ups) to typify complex materials from disparate fields, as outlined through case studies in bio- and geomaterials, minerals, forensic science, pharmaceutical materials, and cultural heritage items. Emphasis is placed on analytical advantages, restrictions and challenges that must be faced to optimize analyses and achieve the full capabilities of this emergent analytical tool. Our aim is to promote its use and encourage users to explore new applications on challenging materials, by providing published analytical protocols and guidelines.