Graphene for electrochemical sensing and biosensing

Graphene has proved to be an excellent nanomaterial for applications in electrochemistry. We review progress in constructing high-performance electrochemical sensors and biosensors. We also discuss:•different routes for graphene fabrication;•graphene-modified electrodes and graphene-composite electrodes for sensing, including those based on ionic liquids;•incorporation of biorecognition elements into graphene-based electrodes; and,•graphene-supported electrocatalytic nanoparticle-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors.