Analytical methodologies for reliable sulfide determinations in aqueous matrices exploiting flow-based approaches

This article reviews the current state-of-the-art of flow-based systems for sulfide determination in aqueous matrices. We survey and critically discuss the outstanding merits and the disadvantages of automated protocols exploiting the various generations of flow injection (flow-injection analysis (FIA), sequential-injection analysis (SIA) and multisyringe-flow-injection analysis (MSFIA)) using a variety of detection systems, including spectroscopic, electrochemical and chemiluminescence detection. We also give special attention to the feasibility of performing on-line, membrane-based separation processes (namely, gas diffusion, dialysis and pervaporation) as well as dilution and pre-concentration procedures for automated sample processing.