Purified cell-free systems as standard parts for synthetic biology

•PURE system is a reconstituted cell-free protein synthesis system.•PURE system is widely applied in various fields due to its controllability.•Minimal translation system will be the core technology of minimal cell project.

A cell free protein synthesis approach is extensively used for biochemical and synthetic biology researches. Unlike lysate based cell free systems, the PURE system is reconstituted with individually purified factors essential for transcriptional and translational processes. Hence, the components in the PURE system can be definitely manipulated as per the desired situation. Because of this high controllability, the PURE system has been applied to a wide range of research scene, such as biochemical analysis in reconstructed system, in vitro protein engineering, reconstitution of an artificial cell. We believe that this purified cell-free protein synthesis system become a basal technology to advance synthetic biology.