A facile route to inverted polymer solar cells using a precursor based zinc oxide electron transport layer

Inverted polymer:fullerene solar cells with ZnO and MoO3 transport layers are demonstrated. ZnO films are prepared through spin casting of a zinc acetylacetonate hydrate solution, followed by low temperature annealing under ambient conditions. The performance of solar cells with an inverted structure is shown to be equivalent to that of conventional cells with a bottom-anode–top-cathode configuration for three efficient polymer:fullerene systems.