Recent advances in the syntheses of homopolyatomic cations of the non metallic elements C, N, P, S, Cl, Br, I and Xe

The electronegative non metallic elements have high electron affinities and ionization potentials and thus a strong tendency to form anions. To work against the naturally negative charge of the non-metals, inspired and continues to inspire chemists around the world. Nevertheless, it still is one of the tough challenges in inorganic chemistry to selectively synthesize pure homopolyatomic cations of the non metals. Over the last hundred years the characterization of cations of most of those elements were described in the literature. Even the very recent years brought new and exciting examples, e.g. cations of N, P, Sb and others. Herein the advances towards the syntheses of homopolyatomic cations of the non metallic elements over the last fifteen years are reviewed.

► We review the recent advances in the syntheses of cations of non metallic elements. ► New examples of the homopolyatomic cations of the group 14–18 elements are included. ► We discuss the role of the oxidants, weakly coordinating anions and reaction media. ► An outlook of applications of the already and other new cations is given.