Discrete metal complexes from N-heterocyclic ferrocenes: Structural diversity by ligand design

The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the structures of discrete metal complexes with N-heterocyclic ferrocenes, based on their crystal structures. These N-heterocyclic ferrocenes act as versatile ligands for the construction of metal complexes with unique structures, owing to the π⋯π interaction between the N-heterocycles and conformational flexibility of the ferrocenyl moiety. N-Heterocyclic ferrocenes coordinate to metal ions in monodentate, C,N-bidentate, multidentate, and bridging fashions, which results in metal complexes with various M:L stoichiometry. The ligands and their metal complexes have been recently employed for applications including chemical sensors, homogeneous catalysts, and redox-driven conformational switching.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload high-quality image (183 K)Download as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Structures of discrete complexes with N-heterocyclic ferrocenes are reviewed. ► N-Heterocyclic ferrocenes are versatile ligands adopting various coordination modes. ► Coordination geometries and structural motifs of the complexes are discussed.