Fluoride materials for optical applications: Single crystals, ceramics, glasses, and glass–ceramics

Fluoride compounds have compelling advantages for many optical applications due to their unique combination of low phonon energy, high UV absorption edge energy, and relatively weak crystal field. In this article, we offer a concise review of the current state of the art in fluoride single crystals, ceramics, glasses, and glass–ceramics for optical applications.

Graphical abstractX-ray diffraction patterns for glass, glass–ceramic, ceramic, and single crystals illustrating the structural differences between amorphous, crystalline, polycrystalline and composite materials. Fluoride optical materials based on each type of structure have been developed.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Single crystal growth and properties. ► Processing and properties of transparent fluoride ceramics for high power lasers. ► Fluoride glasses for lasers, waveguides, etc. ► Crystallization methods for both fluoride and oxyfluoride glass ceramics.