Synthesis and characterization of glycoconjugate tin(IV) complexes: In vitro DNA binding studies, cytotoxicity, and cell death

New glycosyl derived ligand and its complexes, with SnCl4·5H2O (1) and (CH3)2SnCl2(2) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic (IR, 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR, UV–vis, ESI-MS) and analytical methods. Interaction studies of 1 and 2 with CT DNA were studied by using various biophysical techniques, which showed high binding affinity of 2 with CT DNA. In vitro cytotoxicity of complexes 1 and 2 were evaluated against different human cancer cell lines of different histological origins by employing SRB Assay. The organotin(IV) complex 2 exhibited remarkable activity against DWD (oral cancer) cell lines with GI50 values <10 μg/ml. Complex 2 induced apoptosis of DWD cell line at a very low concentration of 1–4 μg/mL.

Graphical abstractNew glycosyl derived organotin antitumor drug candidate 2 has been designed and synthesized, which possesses remarkable in vitro antitumor activity and induces apoptosis of DWD cell line at a very low concentration of 1–4 μg/mL. Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► New glycosyl derived ligand and its complexes, with SnCl4·5H2O (1) and (CH3)2SnCl2(2) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic (IR, 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR, UV–vis, ESI-MS) and analytical methods. ► Interaction studies of 1 and 2 with CT DNA were studied by using various biophysical techniques, which showed high binding affinity of 2 with CT DNA. ► In vitro cytotoxicity of complexes 1 and 2 were evaluated against different human cancer cell lines of different histological origins by employing SRB Assay. ► The organotin(IV) complex 2 exhibited remarkable activity against DWD (oral cancer) cell lines with GI50 values <10 μg/ml. ► Complex 2 induced apoptosis of DWD cell line at a very low concentration of 1–4 μg/mL.