Investigation of the reaction of [Cp*2M2O5] (M = Mo, W) with hydrogen peroxide and tert-butylhydroperoxide in MeCN; implications for olefin epoxidation catalyzed by organomolybdenum and organotungsten compounds

•Ease of Cp* loss from [Cp*2M2O5] (M = Mo, W) as a function of ROOH/M ratio (R = H, tBu).•Oxidative degradation of organometallic epoxidation precatalysts to non-organometallic catalysts.•Effect of ageing of [Cp*2M2O5]/ROOH solution on epoxidation catalytic activity.

Compounds [Cp*2M2O5] (M = Mo, W) react with stoichiometric amounts of H2O2 (as a 30% w/w solution in water) and tBuOOH (TBHP, as a 70% w/w solution in decane) in MeCN solution to yield a variety of products as shown by the 1H NMR monitoring of the Cp* resonance. The reaction rate increases in the order W < Mo and TBHP < H2O2. While the total Cp* intensity remains constant when using stoichiometric amounts of oxidant, use of excess oxidant results in the ultimate total Cp* loss. From the decomposed solutions, crystals of [Cp*2Mo6O17] (1), (C5Me5O)[Cp*M6O18] (M = Mo, 2a; W, 2b), and (C5Me5O)2[Mo6O19] (3) were recovered and analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Catalytic cyclooctene epoxidation experiments with (nBu4N)2[M6O19] (M = Mo, W) in a 3:1 MeCN/toluene mixture at 55 °C using either aqueous H2O2 or TBHP/decane as oxidant revealed that these are not the active forms of the catalyst which is generated under the same conditions from [Cp*2M2O5], as reported in previous contributions from our group (Chem. Eur. J., 2010, 16, 9572–9584; Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2013, 2728–2735). Further catalytic studies using aged [Cp*2Mo2O5]/TBHP and [Cp*2W2O5]/H2O2 solutions show a small loss of activity (<50% in one week) attesting the robustness of the non-organometallic catalytically active species that is generated from the decomposition of [Cp*2M2O5]. These results cast doubts on the role of cyclopentadienyl as a supporting ligand for stable olefin epoxidation catalysts.

Graphical abstractThe epoxidation precatalysts [Cp*2M2O5] (M = Mo, W) are rapidly degraded with Cp* loss with a large excess of ROOH (R = H, tBu) in acetonitrile to yield species that maintain catalytic activity for an extended period of time.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide