Cationic (fluoromesityl)palladium(II) complexes

Halide abstraction from [Pd(μ-Cl)(Fmes)(NCMe)]2 (Fmes = 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl or nonafluoromesityl) with TlBF4 in CH2Cl2/MeCN gives [Pd(Fmes)(NCMe)3]BF4, which reacts with monodentate ligands to give the monosubstituted products trans-[Pd(Fmes)L(NCMe)2]BF4 (L = PPh3, P(o-Tol)3, 3,5-lut, 2,4-lut, 2,6-lut; lut = dimethylpyridine), the disubstituted products trans-[Pd(Fmes)(NCMe)(PPh3)2]BF4, cis-[Pd(Fmes)(3,5-lut)2(NCMe)]BF4, or the trisubstituted products [Pd(Fmes)L3]BF4 (L = CNtBu, PHPh2, 3,5-lut, 2,4-lut). Similar reactions using bidentate chelating ligands give [Pd(Fmes)(L–L)(NCMe)]BF4 (L–L = bipy, tmeda, dppe, OPPhPy2-N,N′, (OH)(CH3)CPy2-N,N′). The complexes trans-[Pd(Fmes)L2(NCMe)]BF4 (L = PPh3, tht) (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) and [Pd(Fmes)(L–L)(NCMe)]BF4 (L–L = bipy, tmeda) were obtained by halide extraction with TlBF4 in CH2Cl2/MeCN from the corresponding neutral halogeno complexes trans-[Pd(Fmes)ClL2] or [Pd(Fmes)Cl(L–L)]. The aqua complex trans-[Pd(Fmes)(OH2)(tht)2]BF4 was isolated from the corresponding acetonitrile complex. Overall, the experimental results on these substitution reactions involving bulky ligands suggest that thermodynamic and kinetic steric effects can prevail affording products or intermediates different from those expected on purely electronic considerations. Thus,water, whether added on purpose or adventitious in the solvent, frequently replaces in part other better donor ligands, suggesting that the smaller congestion with water compensates for the smaller M–OH2 bond energy.

Graphical abstractLigand substitution reactions at [Pd(Fmes)(NCMe)3]BF4 occur under mild conditions. The results are consistent with the higher trans effect of the Fmes group. The experimental results support that thermodynamic and kinetic steric effects can prevail on the purely electronic predictions in this kind of substitution reactions that involve bulky ligands.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide