Sn(I) halides: Novel binary compounds of tin and their application in synthetic chemistry

Metalloid cluster compounds are ideal model compounds for the area between the molecular and solid state, i.e. the nanometer regime. For the synthesis of metalloid cluster compounds, the disproportionation reaction of a metastable subhalide is a fruitful synthetic route. In the case of tin, monohalides are needed for this synthetic route as tin(II) halides are too stable to be used. Due to thermodynamic data, gaseous SnBr should be formed at 1370 °C, and by applying a co-condensation technique it can be trapped at −196 °C and prepared in synthetic scale. Herein first analyses of SnBr are presented, showing that SnBr is more reactive than the corresponding GeBr, already disproportionating quantitatively to elemental tin and SnBr2 on heating to room temperature. By applying nitrogen-based donor molecules like NnBu3 or pyridine, the reactivity can be moderated and the solubility is enhanced leading e.g. to an SnBr emulsion, which can be used for the synthesis of metalloid cluster compounds of tin.

Graphical abstractGaseous SnBr is formed at 1370 °C, and synthesized in preparative scale, by applying a co-condensation technique. Herein first analyses of SnBr are presented, showing that SnBr is more reactive than the corresponding GeBr, already disproportionating quantitatively to elemental tin and SnBr2 on heating to room temperature. By applying nitrogen-based donor molecules like NnBu3 or pyridine, the reactivity can be moderated and the solubility is enhanced leading e.g. to an SnBr emulsion, which can be used for the synthesis of metalloid cluster compounds of tin.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide