Dimeric allylpalladium(II) complexes with pyrazolate bridges: Synthesis, characterization, structure and thermal behaviour

The synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of some new dimeric allylpalladium (II) complexes bridged by pyrazolate ligands are reported. The complexes [Pd(μ-3,5-R2′pz)(η3-CH2C(R)CH2)]2[R=H,R′=CH(CH3)2(1a); R = H, R′ = C(CH3)3 (1b), R = H, R′ = CF3 (1c); R = CH3, R′ = CH(CH3)2 (2a); R = CH3, R′ = C(CH3)3 (2b); and R = CH3, R′ = CF3 (2c)] have been prepared by the room temperature reaction of [Pd(η3-CH2C(R)CH2)(acac)](acac = acetylacetonate) with 3,5-disubstituted pyrazoles in acetonitrile solution. The complexes have been characterized by NMR (1H, 13C{1H}), FT-IR, and elemental analyses. The structure of a representative complex, viz. 2c, has been established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The dinuclear molecule features two formally square planar palladium centres which are bridged by two pyrazole ligands and the coordination of each metal centre is completed by allyl substituents. The molecule has non-crystallographic mirror symmetry. Thermogravimetric studies have been carried out to evaluate the thermal stability of these complexes. Most of the complexes thermally decompose in argon atmosphere to give nanocrystals of palladium, which have been characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. However, complex 2c can be sublimed in vacuo at 2 mbar without decomposition. The equilibrium vapour pressure of 2c has been measured by the Knudsen effusion technique. The vapour pressure of the complex 2c could be expressed by the relation: ln (p/Pa)(±0.06) = −18047.3/T + 46.85. The enthalpy and entropy of vapourization are found to be 150.0 ± 3 kJ mol−1 and 389.5 ± 8 J K−1 mol−1, respectively.

Graphical abstractDimeric allylpalladium(II) complexes bridged by pyrazolate ligands have been prepared and structurally characterized. Their thermal behaviour has been investigated. The complexes are potential precursors for palladium thin films and palladium nanoparticles at moderately low temperatures.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide