Effect of biphase on dielectric properties of Bi-doped lead strontium titanate thin films

Pb0.4Sr0.6TiO3 (PST) thin films doped with various concentration of Bi were prepared by a sol–gel method. The phase status, surface morphology and dielectric properties of these thin films were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and impedance analyzer, respectively. Results showed that the thin films with the maximum dielectric constant and minimum dielectric loss were obtained for x=0.15. For x<0.15, only pure PST perovskite phase were in the thin films. For 0.2

Graphical abstractThe Bi-doped Pb0.4Sr0.6TiO3 (PST) thin films prepared by the sol–gel method showed a PST/Bi2Ti2O7 biphase structure for 0.2