Oxygen ionic and electronic transport in apatite-type La10−x(Si,Al)6O26±δ

The main factor governing the oxygen ionic conductivity in apatite-type La10−xSi6−yAlyO27−3x/2−y/2 (x=0–0.33x=0–0.33; y=0.5–1.5y=0.5–1.5) is the concentration of mobile interstitials determined by the total oxygen content. The ion transference numbers, measured by modified faradaic efficiency technique, vary in the range 0.9949–0.9997 in air and increase on reducing oxygen partial pressure due to decreasing p-type electronic conduction. The activation energies for ionic and hole transport are (56–67)±3 kJ/mol and (57–100)±8 kJ/mol, respectively. Increasing oxygen content leads to higher hole conduction in oxidizing atmospheres and promotes minor oxygen losses from the lattice when the oxygen pressure decreases, although the overall level of ionic conductivity is almost constant in the p(O2) range from 50 kPa down to 10−16 Pa. Under reducing conditions at temperatures above 1100 K, silicon oxide volatilization from the surface layers of apatite ceramics results in a moderate decrease of the conductivity with time. This suggests that the operation of electrochemical cells with silicate-based solid electrolytes should be limited to the intermediate-temperature range, such as 800–1000 K, where the ionic transport in most-conductive apatite phases containing 26.50–26.75 oxygen atoms per unit formula is higher than that in stabilized zirconia. The average thermal expansion coefficients of apatite ceramics, calculated from dilatometric data in air, are (8.7–10.8)×10−6 K−1 at 300–1300 K.

Graphical abstractOxygen ionic conductivity of apatite-type solid electrolytes in air.Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide