Cell wall carbohydrates from fruit pulp of Argania spinosa: structural analysis of pectin and xyloglucan polysaccharides

Isolated cell walls of Argania spinosa fruit pulp were fractionated into their polysaccharide constituents and the resulting fractions were analysed for monosaccharide composition and chemical structure. The data reveal the presence of homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) in the pectic fraction. RG-I is abundant and contains high amounts of Ara and Gal, indicative of an important branching in this polysaccharide. RG-II is less abundant than RG-I and exists as a dimer. Structural characterisation of xyloglucan using enzymatic hydrolysis, gas chromatography, MALDI-TOF-MS and methylation analysis shows that XXGG, XXXG, XXLG and XLLG are the major subunit oligosaccharides in the ratio of 0.6:1:1.2:1.6. This finding demonstrates that the major neutral hemicellulosic polysaccharide is a galacto-xyloglucan. In addition, Argania fruit xyloglucan has no XUFG, a novel xyloglucan motif recently discovered in Argania leaf cell walls. Finally, the isolation and analysis of arabinogalactan-proteins showed that Argania fruit pulp is rich in these proteoglycans.

Graphical abstractPectins (RG-I) are very ramified and contain highly arabinosylated and galactosylated side-chains. In addition, the structure of XyG of the fruits of Argania is different from that found on the leaves (XUFG contains a novel β-d-Xylp-(1→2)-α-d-Xylp side-chain linked to C-6 of the second glucose unit from non-reducing end of cellotetraose sequence) [Ray, B.; Loutelier-Bourhis, C.; Condamine, E.; Driouich, A.; Lerouge, P. Carbohydr. Res.2004, 339, 201–208].Figure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide