Microwave synthesis, characterization and bio-efficacy evaluation of novel chalcone based 6-carbethoxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one and 2H-indazol-3-ol derivatives

Novel chalcone based 6-carbethoxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one and 2H-indazol-3-ol derivatives were synthesized and characterized by using spectral techniques like IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY, DEPT, and GC-MS. All these compounds were screened for anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activity. Cyclohexenone derivatives, in general, showed better anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity than parent chalcones. Whereas, all the Indazole derivatives showed very good anti-oxidant activity and some were also found to be active as anti-bacterial agent. Among the screened compounds, 15 was found to be most active as anti-fungal agent (against Rhizoctonia solani, LC50 = 2.36 μg mL−1), 15b was found to be most active anti-bacterial agent (against Klebsiella pneumonia, MIC = 24.68 μg mL−1) and 14b emerged as most active anti-oxidant (IC50 = 19.81 μg mL−1).

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Synthesis of chalcone based cyclohexenone and indazole derivatives. ► Characterization using spectral techniques like IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, COSY, DEPT, and GC-MS. ► Anti-fungal, anti-bacterial and anti-oxidant activity. ► Cyclohexenone derivatives showed better anti-microbial activity than parent chalcones. ► Indazoles showed good anti-oxidant activity.