Novel isoxazole polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as DNA-intercalating agents

The third generation of isoxazole polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, acting as DNA-intercalator agents and possessing the binding constants in the range 104–105 M−1, in order to easily diffuse targeting remotely implanted tumors, has been synthesized in good yields according to the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition methodology. The structure of the obtained cycloadducts has been determined by NOE experiments and supported by computational studies at PM3 level. All the obtained compounds have been tested for their in vitro cytotoxic activity and the most potent of them, (3RS,5SR)-2-benzyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-(pyren-1-yl)isoxazolidine-5-carboxamide (7d), showed an IC50 of 4 μM upon the human lung cancer (A-549) cells. Moreover, compound 7d showed binding constant for the intercalation with calf thymus DNA, poly-d(AT)2 and poly-d(GC)2 of 1.7 × 105 M−1, 1.6 × 105 M−1 and 0.3 × 105 M−1, respectively. Biological and docking studies showed that, in vitro, these compounds complex by intercalation between base pairs, approaching the DNA from its minor groove with a preference for the AT nucleobases pairs.

Graphical AbstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► The most potent of them showed an IC50 of 4 μM upon the human lung cancer cell. ► The binding constant for intercalation with calf thymus DNA is of 1.7 × 105 M−1. ► Docking studies showed a clear selectivity to AT nucleobases.