Facile synthesis of thermoresponsive block copolymers of N-isopropylacrylamide using heterogeneous controlled/living nitroxide-mediated polymerizations in supercritical carbon dioxide

A new protocol for preparation of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide, NIPAM) containing block copolymers is described. It involves two successive heterogeneous controlled/living nitroxide-mediated polymerizations (NMPs) in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) using N-tert-butyl-N-[1-diethylphosphono-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)]nitroxide (SG1), as the nitroxide. Precipitation NMPs give narrow dispersity macroinitiators (MIs), and a first report of the controlled/living polymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) in scCO2 is described. The MI is then used in an inverse suspension NMP of NIPAM in scCO2 resulting in the efficient preparation of block copolymers containing DMA, tert-butyl acrylate and styrene. Aqueous cloud point temperature analysis for poly(DMA)-b-poly(NIPAM) and poly(acrylic acid)-b-poly(NIPAM) shows a significant dependence on poly(NIPAM) chain length for a given AB block copolymer.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► A new preparation of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) block copolymers is described. ► It involves nitroxide-mediated precipitation and inverse suspension polymerizations. ► The first CLRP of N,N-dimethylacrylamide in supercritical carbon dioxide is described. ► The block copolymer thermoresponsiveness is investigated.