The bioactivity of modified pectin fragments

This review discusses the structure of pectin, the effects of modification procedures used to prepare modified pectins, and the evidence for the bioactivity of these modified materials. It will consider the evidence for the selective binding of pectin fragments to the pro-metastatic regulatory protein galectin-3 (Gal3) and the potential effects of such binding on reducing the risks of the onset and prevention of cancer. The possible modes of uptake and transport by the body of orally consumed pectin will also be considered. In this context the uptake mechanisms for other dietary carbohydrates that show immunomodulating and anti-cancer properties, such as the β-glucans, will be discussed in terms of possible analogous behaviour for pectin. Finally the article will also consider other dietary carbohydrates that might provide a source of inhibitors for Gal3 and the possible roles of Gal3 and other members of the galectin family in cellular and tissue homeostasis that suggest potential roles for pectin-derived components in combating a range of chronic diseases.

► Evidence for the anti-metastatic action of modified pectin is presented and reviewed. ► Evidence for binding and inhibition of Gal3 as a mechanism for bioactivity is reviewed. ► Pectin derived galactans bind specifically to Gal3. ► Mechanisms for uptake and transport of galactans and modified galactans are reviewed.