Functional connectomics from resting-state fMRI

•Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity reflect functional brain networks.•We review rfMRI for mapping the functional connectome.•We review methods for functional connectomics network analysis.•We describe the WU–Minn Human Connectome Project.•We present exciting new analyses using the latest-released HCP data.

Spontaneous fluctuations in activity in different parts of the brain can be used to study functional brain networks. We review the use of resting-state functional MRI (rfMRI) for the purpose of mapping the macroscopic functional connectome. After describing MRI acquisition and image-processing methods commonly used to generate data in a form amenable to connectomics network analysis, we discuss different approaches for estimating network structure from that data. Finally, we describe new possibilities resulting from the high-quality rfMRI data being generated by the Human Connectome Project and highlight some upcoming challenges in functional connectomics.