Growth of carbon nanofibers from the iron–copper catalyzed decomposition of CO/C2H4/H2 mixtures

The growth of carbon nanofibers from Fe–Cu catalyzed decomposition of CO/C2H4/H2 mixtures at temperatures over the range 500–650 °C has been investigated. Based on analysis of the gas phase and solid products it is apparent that co-adsorption of CO and C2H4 induces major perturbations in the surfaces of the bimetallic catalyst particles. These features are reflected in an increase in the yield of solid carbon and subtle changes in the structural characteristics of the carbon nanofibers. Optimum performance with respect to the yield of carbon nanofibers is found for iron-rich particles treated in CO/C2H4/H2 (1:3:1) at 600 °C. Deactivation of the catalyst is observed to occur with high Cu concentrations and at reaction temperatures in excess of 600 °C. It is suggested that under these conditions the surface of the particles in contact with the reactant gas mixture become enriched in Cu, which does not possess the ability to dissociatively chemisorb either CO or C2H4.