Monte Carlo simulation of primary recrystallization and annealing twinning

The formation of annealing twins has been studied from the beginning of the 20th century and a variety of mechanisms have been suggested. Molecular dynamics simulations on the atomic scale have also been performed. This paper reports a microscale simulation of primary recrystallization and twinning of a nickel alloy based on the Monte Carlo approach. Different twin morphologies were simulated. A possible dependence of grain growth direction on twin formation during annealing was demonstrated. The formation of incoherent Σ3 and Σ9 boundaries is verified as the indirect outcome after coherent Σ3 formation.