Microscale gap breakdown induced by toner triboelectrification

•Rubbing toner layers between two electrodes enhanced successive inter-electrode voltage droppings due to gas discharge.•Discharge-relaxation of the triboelectrified particles enhanced the inter-electrode avalanche.•The discharge-relaxation of the toner particles occurred in the micro-gap region by following a modified Paschen’s curve.

Microscale gap discharge-relaxation around toner particles during triboelectrification was investigated. Single toner layers of their thickness 10–20 μm were pinched and rubbed by two flat stainless steel electrodes between which various voltage differences were added. We found that sliding the upper electrodes enhanced successive voltage droppings between the electrodes due to gas discharge, even under 5 V of the applied potential difference which is far smaller than that allowed by Paschen’s criteria in the atmospheric condition. This suggested that the electric field formed by the triboelectrified particles enhanced the inter-electrode avalanche. The measured charge amounts on the toner particles were too small to explain breakdowns with assuming traditional Paschen’s criteria. For further investigation, measurement of the breakdown curve between the stainless steel electrodes was conducted. The obtained curve showed the existence gap discharge in the microscale gap range, which is out of the Paschen’s criteria, and rather followed so-called modified Paschen’s curve. It was suggested that discharge-relaxation between the toner and the electrodes occurred in the microscale gap region, which prevents charge accumulation in the toner layer.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide