Concrete–ice abrasion mechanics

The mechanisms of abrasion of concrete by ice are investigated by review of lab and field studies, wear theory, fracture-, contact- and poromechanics. Experience indicates that ice abrasion does not require freeze/thaw cycles. Three distinct mechanisms may contribute to abrasion damage of concrete: (1) asperities of ice sliding on concrete can create tensile stresses sufficient to initiate cracks (with fatigue from repeated contacts playing an important role); (2) debris released from the surface of the concrete can act as sharp abrasive particles that enhance the damage as the ice drags them along the surface; and (3) water forced into surface defects can create pressure that propagates cracks. Topics for further research and recommendations for minimizing abrasion are suggested.