Elastic properties of quaternaryTeO2–ZnO–Nb2O5–Gd2O3 glasses

Tellurite glass systems in the form 75TeO2–15ZnO–(10−x)Nb2O5–xGd2O3 (x=0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 mol%) have been prepared by the melt quenching technique. Both longitudinal and shear ultrasonic velocities were measured by using the pulse-echo method at 5 MHz frequency and at room temperature. Elastic moduli (longitudinal modulus, shear modulus, Young׳s modulus, Bulk modulus), Poisson׳s ratio, Debye temperature, micro-hardness and softening temperature have been calculated. Quantitative analysis of elastic moduli based on the number of bond per unit volume, average crosslink and number of vibrating atoms per unit volume has been achieved.