Morphological and phase analysis during the synthesis of Bi7Ti4NbO21 by a co-precipitation method

The morphology and the phase transformations of Bi7Ti4NbO21 (iBTN) were investigated during its synthesis by a co-precipitation method. The effect in slight modification of pH was also studied. pH affects the morphology of the obtained precursors and in turn, affect their reactivity. From the in-situ XRD, it was also observed that α- and β-Bi2O3 polymorphs were the first detectable phase and that BLSF phases only start to form at 700 °C.