Relaxor and strain behavior in BaTi1-x(Li2/3Nb2/3)xO3 ceramics

A new lead-free perovskite system of BaTi1−x(Li2/3Nb2/3)xO3 (x = 0.02, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.10) has been synthesized by the mixed-oxide route. Temperature and frequency dependences of permittivity show a crossover from ferroelectric to relaxor behavior. For the samples with x ≥ 0.05, the frequency-dependent Tm satisfying the Vögel–Fulcher formula indicates a relaxor behavior. The increase with orders of magnitude in Ea with respect to x is possibly ascribed to more Ba-vacancies. Remnant polarization and strain decrease with increasing x due to phase transformation from ferroelectric tetragonal to paraelectric pseudocubic at room temperature.