Rare-earth substitution effect on the quality of Mg–Ti ferrite

A series of ferrite samples of the chemical composition Mg1+xTixRyFe2−2x−yO4; R = Ce and Er, y = 0.025 and 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5), in powdered form were prepared by standard double-sintering ceramic technique at 1200 °C using on-heating rate of 4 °C/min. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the single-phase spinel cubic structure for all samples. The dielectric constant (ɛ′) and the ac electrical conductivity (σ) were studied at different temperatures as a function of the applied frequency. The Seebeck voltage coefficient was carried out for all samples to identify the type of charge carriers. The magnetic susceptibility was measured by the Faraday's method, where the sample was inserted at the maximum force point. By introducing a relatively small amount of R2O3 instead of Fe2O3, an important modification of structural, electrical and magnetic properties was achieved. The effect of rare-earth (RE) ions was explained by the partial diffusion in the spinel lattice.