Non-destructive three-dimensional Raman analysis of domain orientation in barium titanate single-crystal

Ferroelectric domain orientation in barium titanate (BaTiO3; BT) single-crystal has been investigated with respect to its geometrical distribution in the solid angle by using polarised Raman spectroscopy. After retrieving the angular dependence of the intensity of selected Raman modes of BT and their defocusing properties at selected laser wavelength (in-depth probe response function), both in-plane and out-of-plane domain fractions could be visualised and mapped with microscopic resolution by Raman spectroscopic assessments. It is demonstrated that polarised Raman spectroscopy is a valuable and efficient tool for fully 3D, non-destructive assessments of domain orientation in ferroelectrics.