1 × 4-Branch waveguide power splitters in lithium niobate by means of multi-energy O ion implantation

This paper introduces a novel 1 × 4-branch optical splitter that was fabricated using multi-energy O ion implantation with standard lithography on a lithium niobate crystal. The design is of a cascade Y-branch waveguide structure that equally distributes the input power between four output waveguides. The numerically calculated modal distributions were in good agreement with the experimental results. Potential photonic applications, such as optical interconnections, waveguide switches, and modulators, may be realized by using this design.