Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
1498405 | Scripta Materialia | 2014 | 4 Pages |
Abstract
We have simultaneously measured the evolution of stress and formation of whiskers/hillocks in Sn layers using stress induced by thermal-expansion mismatch. The formation kinetics suggest that whisker initiation is controlled by a nucleation process. We use measurements of the nucleation rate at different stresses and temperatures to determine quantitatively how the activation barrier for nucleation is decreased by the stress in the layer.
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Materials Science
Ceramics and Composites
Authors
F. Pei, C.L. Briant, H. Kesari, A.F. Bower, E. Chason,