Emulation of reactor irradiation damage using ion beams

Progress in understanding radiation damage in structural materials is hampered by the lack of test reactors, long irradiations and high cost. Here we show that through strict control of experimental parameters and accounting for He production and damage-rate differences, the microstructure of ion-irradiated ferritic–martensitic steel closely resembles that created in-reactor across the full range of microstructure features. The level of agreement establishes for the first time the capability to tailor ion irradiation to emulate in-reactor radiation damage.