Evolution of sub-micron grain size and weak texture in magnesium alloy Mg–3Al–0.4Mn by a modified multi-axial forging process

This is the first successful attempt to produce simultaneously ultrafine grain size and weak texture in a single-phase magnesium alloy Mg–3Al–0.4Mn through an optimal choice of processing parameters in a modified multi-axial forging (MAF) process. An average grain size of ∼0.4 μm and a weak texture could be achieved. This has led to an increase in the strength as well as room-temperature ductility (55%). The plot of the yield loci shows a decrease in anisotropy after MAF.