Structural and ferroelectric properties of solid-state derived carbonate-free barium titanate (BaTiO3) nanoscale particles

This work highlights the low-cost fabrication and characterization of perovskite BaTiO3 nanoscale particles. X-ray diffraction studies show that an insufficient reaction time at ∼800 °C will not result in the formation of the perovskite BaTiO3 structure, whereas over-sintering (∼900 °C) results in BaTiO3 and by-products of BaTi2O5. The polyvinyl alcohol polymer-dispersed nano-BaTiO3 system exhibits a proportionately large remanent polarization (∼1 μC cm−2) and coercive field (70 kV cm−1). The inexpensive synthesis is attractive for large-scale production and device application.